Basic Technical Investment Banking Practice Test

Convertible bonds include a built‑in option to exchange the bond for a fixed number of shares at a set conversion price. In-the-money means that this conversion option has positive intrinsic value. When the current share price is higher than the conversion price, converting yields shares worth more than the bond’s value, so exercising the option would be favorable. Saying the conversion price is below the current share price captures that situation: you can convert at the lower price and obtain stock that’s worth more on the market. If the stock price were below the conversion price, the conversion would not be advantageous, so the option would be out-of-the-money. Automatic exercise isn’t assumed; holders choose to convert when it makes economic sense, and the instrument does include a conversion option by design.